ABSTRACT
Background: Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide that commonly used in many agricultural and non-agricultural processes. Previous studies have reported the effects of melatonin on the reproductive system. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles [CeNPs] due to their antioxidative properties are promising to impact on the development of male infertility
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CeNPs on oxidative stress and sperm parameters after malathion exposure of male rats
Materials and Methods: 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups [n=6/each]: Control, CeNPs -treated control [15 and 30 mg/kg/day], malathion [100 mg/ kg/day], and CeNPs -treated malathion groups [15 and 30 mg/ kg/day]. At the end of the study [4 wk], the sperm counts, motility, and viability in the testis of rats were measured, also lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and total thiol groups in homogenate testis were investigated
Results: Malathion significantly reduced sperm count, viability, and motility than the control rats [p<0.001]. Co-treatment of malathion with CeNPs 30 mg/kg had a protective effect on sperm counts [p=0.03], motility [p=0.01], and viability [p<0.001] compare to malathion group. Also, the results showed that malathion reduced testis total anti-oxidant capacity, the total thiol group, and increased testis malondialdehyde than the control rats [p<0.001]. CeNPs 30 mg/kg are increased total antioxidant capacity [p<0.001] and total thiol group [p=0.03] compared to malathion group. CeNPs at both doses [15 and 30 mg/kg] improved malondialdehyde than the malathion group [p<0.001 and p=0.01 respectively]
Conclusion: CeNPs 30 mg/kg administered considerably restored testicular changes induced by malathion. The improvement of oxidative stress by CeNPs may be associated with increased sperm counts, motility and viability in the testis
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is associated with distribution of cognitive functioning. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a cause of memory complications of diabetes including cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to examine total green tea extract [TGTE], a potent free radical scavenger against spatial impairment in Streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eight weeks after diabetes induction, TGTE was administrated throught drinking water 3 mg/L. The learning and memory behavior was evaluated with Morris water maze task in male rats. Then, for estimation of oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation [LPO], total antioxidant capacity [FRAP] and total thiol groups in blood were measured. The total green tea extract showed improved cognitive impairment in diabetic groups but these changes weren't significant. There was also significant increase FRAP level and total thiol groups in treated green tea groups vs. control. group. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of TGTE on spatial impairment and oxidative stress induced in diabetes mellitus
ABSTRACT
Objective: To measure oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva and venous blood of mothers and cord blood of newborns delivered with and without combined analgesia
Methodology: In this analytical cross-sectional study, carried out in 2015. 68 parturient mothers and newborns were recruited in random to two groups in Fatemieh Teaching Hospital, Hamadan City, Iran. Thirty four of them were delivered via normal vaginal delivery [NVD] and 34 delivered through combined analgesia [CA]. This study was designed to measure total antioxidant capacity [TAC], Total thiol molecules [TTM] and catalase activity [CAT], in blood and saliva of mothers at the second stage of labor and cord blood of newborns delivered through these different delivery modes
Results: No significant difference could be observed in the mean of first and third labor stages in CA and NVD groups, but the difference was significant during the second stage in CA and NVD groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noticed between the means of oxidative stress parameters [TTM, TAC and CAT] in plasma, saliva and umbilical cord samples in two groups [P> 0.05]. A significant positive correlation existed between [plasma and umbilical cord TAC] and [plasma and saliva CAT]. There was no significant relationship between newborn birth weight and oxidative stress parameters in two groups
Conclusion: Markers of oxidative stress does not seem to have a major role in the delivery with combined analgesia
ABSTRACT
Anti-oxidant effects of propofol [2, 6-diisopropylphenol] were evaluated agains carbon tetrachloridet CCl[4] -induced oxidative stress in rat liver. 30 male rats were equally divided in to 6 groups [5 rats each]. Group I [control], while Group II was given CCl[4] [3 mL /Kg/day, IP]. Animals of Groups III received only propofol [10 mg/Kg/day, IP]. Group IV was given propofol+ CCl[4]. Group V was administered vitamin E [alpha-tocopherol acetate 15 mg/Kg/day, SC] .Animals of Group VII received alpha-tocopherol acetate + CCl[4] once daily for two weeks. After treatment, blood and liver mitochondria were isolated. Anti-oxidant enzymes activity such as glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and oxidative stress marker such as reduced glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxidation [LPO] concentration were measured. Oxidative stress induced with CCl[4] in liver mitochondria was evident by a significant increase in enzymatic activities of GPx, SOD, and LPO and decreased of GSH and vailability of mitochondria. Propofol and vitamin E restored CCl[4]-induced changes in GSH, GPx, SOD and LPO in blood and liver mitochondria. CCl[4] decreased viability of mitochondria that was recovered by propofol and vitamin E. It is concluded that oxidative damage is the mechanism of toxicity of CCl[4] in the mitochondria that can be recovered by propofol comparable to vitamin E
ABSTRACT
The herbicide paraquet [1, 1-dimethyl-4, 4-bipyridilium dichloride; PQ] is a highly toxic quaternary nitrogen herbicide. Many cases of PQ acute poisoning and death have been reported over the past few decades. The mechanisms of PQ toxicity have been reported to involve the generation of reactive oxygen species [ROS] in different organs. Several studies have suggested that the mechanism of PQ toxicity is associated with a redo cyclic reaction, which generates superoxide anion, singlet oxygen and other free radicals, leading to cellular NADPH depletion and lipid per oxidation of cell membranes. Then PQ poisoning is directed towards the use of antioxidants. There are several reports about oxidative stress in acute and chronic exposures to PQ. In this respect, there are several in vitro and in vivo but few clinical studies about mechanism underlying these effects. Bibliographic databases were searched for the years 1960-2013 and resulted in 378 articles. After elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 70 papers were included and reviewed. Results indicated that the status of PQ toxicity and treating the toxic effects produced by PQ is presented. Nonetheless, it is reasonable for the scientific community to provide an expert review and evaluation of this herbicide and their toxic potential to produce disorders in brain, liver, kidney and lung in living organisms
ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in aerospace engineering, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation, medicine and consumer products. More importantly is the potential for the application of silver nanoparticles [Ag NPs] in the treatment of diseases that require maintenance of circulating drug concentration or targeting of specific cells or organs the aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of Ag NP antioxidative biomarkers in rats. Ag NPs are used to investigate the potential risks for the environment and health. Rats received Ag NP, 5, 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day IP. After two week of treatment, the activity of enzymatic scavengers such as glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and total antioxidant capacity [TAC] of blood samples were measured. Ag NP in 5, 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced activities of CAT, SOD and increased TAC in plasma. In this study, Ag NP with 500mg/kg induced activities of CAT, SOD and decreased TAC. It is concluded that antioxidative properties of Ag NP is dose dependent